NEET · Physics Electrostatics Capacitors

Collapse the box first, then it's three in a line

The rectangle in the middle is just two parallel routes between a left node and a right node. Reduce it to one value and the whole circuit is a simple series chain.

Question

Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B (all values in farad).

Fig 1 · Inner loop (8, 4, 4) bracketed by 12 F at A and 16 F at B
Given
Asked

The equivalent capacitance \(C_{AB}\) between terminals A and B.

Concept

Name the two vertical sides L and R. Each side is a plain wire, so the whole left edge is one node (L) and the whole right edge is another (R).

Between L and R there are exactly two routes: the top (8 F in series with 4 F) and the bottom (a single 4 F). Same endpoints → those two routes are in parallel.

Once the box is one capacitor, the circuit is just \(A \to 12 \to L \to (\text{box}) \to R \to 16 \to B\): three capacitors in series.

Method & Steps
  1. Top route (series). $$\frac{8\times 4}{8+4}=\frac{32}{12}=\frac{8}{3}\,\text{F}$$
  2. Box = top ∥ bottom (parallel). $$\frac{8}{3}+4=\frac{8}{3}+\frac{12}{3}=\frac{20}{3}\,\text{F}$$
  3. Whole chain (series), LCD 240. $$\frac{1}{C_{AB}}=\frac{1}{12}+\frac{3}{20}+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{20+36+15}{240}=\frac{71}{240}$$
  4. Invert. $$C_{AB}=\frac{240}{71}\,\text{F}$$
Reduced chain: 12 F, 20/3 F, 16 F in series
Easy Trick

Inner box before outer chain. Two parallel routes collapse to \(\tfrac83+4=\tfrac{20}{3}\). Then three in series — for the reciprocals use LCD 240: \(\tfrac{1}{12},\tfrac{3}{20},\tfrac{1}{16}\) become \(\tfrac{20}{240},\tfrac{36}{240},\tfrac{15}{240}\), summing to \(\tfrac{71}{240}\).

A series result must sit below the smallest member (below \(\tfrac{20}{3}\approx 6.7\)); \(\tfrac{240}{71}\approx 3.4\) fits. The tiny \(\tfrac{1}{31}\) and the other fractions come from skipping the box reduction.

Solution

Box reduces to \(\tfrac{20}{3}\) F; then 12, \(\tfrac{20}{3}\) and 16 F in series:

$$\frac{1}{C_{AB}}=\frac{1}{12}+\frac{3}{20}+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{71}{240}\;\Rightarrow\;C_{AB}=\frac{240}{71}\,\text{F}$$
d 24071 F ≈ 3.38 F